Introduction
Dominance and Submission (D/s) is an alternative relationship in which a Master or Dom controls the actions,
emotions, and will of the slave, or submissive, often referred to as "sub". D/s does not necessarily refer to the
sex act itself. D/s is more akin to a seduction. The Master seduces the slave with his power, the slave seduces
the Master with their willingness and servitude. Sex does occur in the relationship, but in this Guide, we are
discussing the lifestyle, not sexual practice. "Slave" and "sub", as well as "Master" and "Dom" are not directly
interchangeable titles. The differences will be gone into later in this guide. A D/s relationship consists of two
people who are mutually consenting adults who agree on a direction for their relationship. They agree that one
of the partners will take the dominant, controlling role, and the other partner, the submissive, controlled role. Just like in any other relationship, it is a two way street, though to outsiders, it may not seem so. The Master relies on the slave as much as the slave relies on the Master. They are dependent on each other to satisfy their own
needs. Each partner has different needs, as defined by their role as Dom or sub, but each is satisfied, though in different ways. Each couple will have their own set of agreements. This Guide talks about ours, but every D/s
relationship is different. However, there are some basic rules that are universal.
   
Chapter 1 - Basic Definitions
Dominance and Submission are not to be confused with Sadomasochism. To make this more clear, we are
including these basic definitions. They are taken from the American Heritage Dictionary.
 
Bondage (2) A state of subjection to a force, power or influence. It comes from the Old English word bonda,
which means husbandman (farmer)

Dominant (1) Exercising the most influence or control; governing. (2) Most prominent in position or prevalence;
ascendant. Comes from Old French and Latin dominans, to dominate.

Dominate (1) To control, govern or rule by superior authority or power. Comes from Latin dominari, to rule -
dominus, lord.

Submissive comes from Submit.

Submit (1) To yield or surrender (oneself) to the will or authority of another. (2) To subject to a condition or
process. (3) To yield to the opinion or authority of another; give in. (4) To allow oneself to be subjected;
acquiesce. Comes from Middle English submitten, Latin submittere, to set under: sub-under + mittere-to cause
to go.

Sadism (1) The perversion of deriving sexual satisfaction from the infliction of pain on others. (2) Delight in
cruelty. (3) Extreme cruelty. Comes from Comte Donatien de Sade (1740-1814)

Masochism (1) An abnormal condition in which sexual excitement and satisfaction depend largely on being
subjected to abuse or physical pain, whether by oneself or another. Comes from Leopold von Sacher-Masoch,
Austrian novelist (1836-1895)

Sadomasochism (1) The perversion of taking pleasure, especially sexual gratification from simultaneous
sadism and masochism.
 
 
If you ignore the terms "perversion" and "abnormal" in the above definitions, you can still see that nowhere in the definition of dominate or submit do you have pain as an integral part. It is a difference in gradients and intent.
We are not saying that S&M is wrong, bad or undesirable. It is just a much higher gradient than D/s, and may be too intense for the beginner. Some people may confuse heavy D/s with S&M. They are two very different things.
   
Chapter 2 - The Players
Although it may seem through outward appearances that all the power in the relationship flows from the Dom or
Master to the sub or slave, this is somewhat misleading. The players in a D/s relationship, no matter which side
they are on, are equals to a certain degree. Both sides have power, but in different ways. The Dom may have
ultimate authority, but the sub is the one who initiates most actions.

To prevent any misunderstanding between players, they should understand the difference between a Dom and
a Master, and a submissive and a slave.

The Dominant, or Dom "Many inexperienced Doms believe that all that is required is simply ordering your sub around as you choose. It's not. There's much more to be said about what being a good Dom requires" (Rex99, 07-21-95, AOL).

Domination is not just giving random orders. A good Dom will find a way to cause the sub to desire pleasing the Dom. A Dom, or Dominant, is the protector, teacher, and lover to the sub.

As the protector, the Dom must be a) stronger than the sub, and b) stronger than other people in the life of the
sub. This does not mean that he has to be physically bigger or stronger. We are talking about character and
personality.

As the teacher, the Dom must be wise and, above all, right. The Dom should not arbitrarily punish the sub on a
whim. There must be a reason. To do otherwise will break down the trust and security of the sub. The Dom has
to be respected by the sub. Respect is a quality that is earned by the Dom being right, and issuing swift, correct justice and reward to the sub. The Dom is not there to inflict pain and degradation on the sub, but to give the
sub a goal and a direction on how to love and please him.

As the lover, the Dom is loving and, when appropriate, stern. He must recognize that he is the only source of
pleasure for the sub. He must see to it that this area is not neglected. The Dom should, when appropriate, be
gentle, supportive, and tender to the sub. A Dom/sub relationship is not just about overpowering. It is about the
Dom caring for the well-being of the sub. If punishment is required to stop a destructive action by the sub, then it
comes from the Dom. On the other hand, when correct action has been noted by the Dom, love and caring
should come from him to the sub.

The Master
The Master is a higher gradient of control in D/s. The Master follows the same rules as a Dom, but in a stricter
sense. The Master can have a slave, but may also call their slave a sub. The slave is owned or "collared" by the
Master. The Master considers the slave a possession, but a highly valuable and loved one, the most valuable
thing he owns. Offenses against the rules laid out by the Master are dealt with more severely, in most
circumstances. Still, the Master, when pleased, flows great love and caring to his slave. The Master is also
more protective of his slave because the slave is totally dependent on the Master.

The Submissive, or sub
"To be sure, the slave serves; the Master receives. But that does not mean that the slave has no sense of self,
or self-worth. Her needs are real, and she should leave a relationship where her needs are not met." (Rex99,
07-21-95, AOL)

The role of the submissive appears to be somewhat simpler, but in actuality, the sub plays a large role in
shaping the D/s relationship. The sub's primary role is to follow her Dom's directions and to please the Dom.
Being submissive does not mean that the sub is a doormat for the Dom. The sub is the Dom's companion, his
student, and his lover.

As a companion, the sub is treated with respect and dignity, is allowed to voice opinions, and allowed to share
in the Dom's activities. This is the area where the sub is the most equal with the Dom.

As a student, the sub learns how to please the Dom, and when done, expects to be rewarded by the Dom.
Likewise, when not done or done incorrectly, the sub expects to be corrected and shown the right way to act.

As a lover, the sub goes out of their way to please the Dom because they genuinely care for the well being of
the Dom. The sub does this, not out of fear of pain or retribution, but because they wants to give the Dom
pleasure. The sub does not want the Dom to be disappointed with them. The sub takes pleasure from the fact
that the Dom is pleased.

The slave
The slave is a higher gradient of submissiveness in D/s. A slave's primary purpose in life is to serve the needs
and desires of the Master. The slave relinquishes all control to the Master, because the slave knows the Master
has her well-being totally at heart. The slave is marked by her Master in some fashion to show ownership. This
can be done with a tattoo, a piercing, or even a physical collar. The Master/slave relationship tends to be more
of a lifetime commitment to each other than a typical Dom/sub relationship. The slave is held to a higher
standard of conduct and compliance than a typical sub, due to the fact that the slave has given control of their
life to the Master.
 

 
Chapter 3 - Dominance and Submission Rules
Note: In this chapter, and henceforth, I will be referring to Masters and Doms as Doms. Likewise, slaves and
subs will be called subs.

In order for any venture to be successful, there must be basic guidelines. We understand that every couple is
different, and no two D/s relationships are the same. Nevertheless, basic agreements exists, or else you go
outside the boundaries of what is considered a D/s relationship. Every couple will have their own set of
agreements, however, I feel there are some that are universal.
 

No actual injury should occur to the sub. That does not suggest that spankings, discipline and correction do not
occur, they just are not calculated to produce real injury, either to body or mind. In D/s, pain is sometimes used
to correct behavior, or as a pleasurable experience depending on the people involved. It is not the central focus
of the relationship.
Pre-agreed limits. It is simply an agreement on what the Dom and sub will and will not do. These limits are
different for all couples. A pre-agreed limit is simply the boundaries established by the relationship. As an
example, some couples put a limit on other people joining them for a scene. It is important to discuss honestly
with each other what your personal limits are before beginning a D/s relationship. These are lines that are not
crossed without at least some discussion beforehand. These boundaries do change with time as the
relationship progresses. The sub should have a "safeword", or something they can say to halt the present time activity. The safeword is a word that is understood by both parties to mean that action needs to stop. It could be that the sub is in great pain, or the Dom wants to clarify a situation outside of the action he is engaged in. Usually, it is that a line is being crossed that was not discussed in the pre-agreed limits, but just now came up. D/s is supposed to be enjoyed by both parties. Limits and safewords are type of guarantee that things don't get out of control on either side. If the couple are in the middle of a caning, and the sub is having a problem with the situation, the safeword is used to stop the action. When the safeword is spoken, the action must stop at that moment. This will allow the Dom and sub to discuss what the problem is, or correct a painful or dangerous situation outside the "scene".
 
 

Communication between the Dom and sub is crucial to a successful D/s relationship. The sub must be willing to talk about their feelings and the Dom must be receptive. The Dom also must be conscious of the non-verbal
cues the sub gives. For a satisfying D/s relationship, it helps to have an underlying affinity for the other partner.
The Dom is attempting to perfect their sub to their ideal of what the sub should be. The sub must want that goal,
too. If either of these points do not exist, the D/s can degrade into an abusive relationship, or the partners go off, dissatisfied. D/s is for the mutual enjoyment of both partners. Limits and safewords assist in ensuring both
parties experience pleasure, and neither gives up all control.
Over time the use of safewords and limits may diminish, however many couples in a long term relationship still
use them.
 

At the beginning of a D/s relationship, the Dom and sub may agree on a long list of correct and incorrect
actions, but if the Dom does not remember them, the sub is "getting over" on the Dom, and in the process,
losing respect for the Dom's power. It would be better to have only a few rules at the start, then as time
progresses, expand them as the relationship grows.

Overcorrecting is also poor. If the Dom is cruel or vicious, the sub will only do what is required out of fear of
punishment. Over time, the sub will have no desire to please the Dom, and the Dom will suddenly realize they
have no real control over the sub.

Punishment is a tool to correct wrong or no action by the sub. It should never be done in anger! This is a very
important point. When you punish in anger, real injury can occur, safewords are nullified, and limits do not exist.
This is a very dangerous situation. The Dom who punishes in anger is moving into the area of abuse. In D/s, the
Dom cares about the feelings of the sub. It is very difficult to have empathy when you are angry. Pain is not the
end all and be all of a D/s relationship. It is just one more tool at the disposal of the Dom to guarantee the rules
are complied with.

Punishment does not even have to include pain. Movement restrictive bondage, humiliation, harsh words, or
even a look can punish the sub. Privileges can be removed such as not being allowed to sit on the furniture, or
by the Dom forcing the sub to sleep at the foot of the bed. There are many ways to punish incorrect actions.
Save the severe stuff for major infractions. If you beat a dog every day, all you get is an angry, uncontrollable
dog. The same goes for a sub, and an angry sub is much more hazardous than an angry dog. Punishment is
always followed by reward when the sub corrects the infraction. The sub must be allowed to make up the
damage, and then it is forgiven.

Rewards show the sub that the Dom is pleased. It is a tangible show of love and caring from the Dom to the sub for a correct action. This is the true power of the Dom. The reward can be a kiss, a caress, flowers, a short note, or even a long, tender session of lovemaking. Rewards given to the sub shows that the Dom is thinking of them, and cares for their well being. It acknowledges their proper behavior and reinforces it. This is how the Dom
creates in the sub the willingness to please him. A happy sub will do anything to ensure the happiness of the
Dom, and will avoid actions that disappoint.

 
Chapter 5 - Bondage
Bondage is a tool used by the Dom to restrict the movement of, or to immobilize the sub. Binding can be used
for correction, but it is often used for pleasure, depending on the particular D/s relationship. During bondage,
the Dom has complete control over the sub, but this depends on the type of binding used. There are a variety of
restraints you can purchase at your local adult bookstore, or through catalogs. Each one has its own use and
purpose. Regardless of the style of restraint, they should all be somewhat comfortable to wear but restrictive,
and should not cut off blood circulation. If the sub is extremely uncomfortable, they will have attention on their
body and not fully on the Dom.

During bondage, the Dom has almost complete control of the sub's body, and can use the time for instruction,
punishment, teasing, or can bring the sub to orgasm at the Dom's wishes. In order to be bound, there has to be
a deep level of trust by the sub for the Dom. It is at this time more than any other that the Dom needs to be very
perceptive of the cues the sub will give. When a sub is bound, the chance for injury jumps drastically, and the
sub is not in a position to defend or assist herself. It is an act of total submission to allow yourself to be bound,
and the sub is trusting the Dom to do the right thing. Therefore, the Dom must be in complete control of himself
while handling a bound sub. Drinking or taking drugs before bondage is not recommended.

NOTE: The following items should be used with extreme care. It is very easy to permanently injure or even kill
another person with these items. If you are unsure of how to use these items, get the assistance of experienced
D/s couples.

Ropes
Rope bondage is the most common. This includes rope, scarves, neckties, belts, or any other multi-purpose
item used to restrain the sub. Usually, the hands are bound to each other, but they can be bound to the thighs,
waist, behind the back, or above the head. The sub can also be bound to another object such as a chair,
shower curtain rod, hook in the ceiling, and many other places where you can tie off a rope. The feet can also
be bound together, or apart.

NOTE: Care must be taken with rope. It is very easy to cut off circulation, or cause rope burns. Use a soft, large
diameter rope, such as nautical rope. Check your sub frequently. The more the sub struggles, the tighter the
rope becomes.

Straps
Normally, these are special items made of nylon webbing or leather. These are items that go a step beyond
mere binding of hands or feet. They are much more difficult to get out of, and are more restrictive. Some strap
items bind the wrists to the thighs, or to the ankles. Strap bondage items tend to be for a single purpose. NOTE:
When using strap items, check them thoroughly before use. If the item is frayed, ripped, has loose attachments,
or is discolored, either repair the damage or throw the item away.

Cuffs
Cuffs are mainly used for wrist and arm restraint. When referring to leg and ankle restraint, they are normally
called shackles. They can be made from many different materials, from nylon with Velcro closings, to leather, to
metal. Care must be taken in using cuffs since a tight fit can cut off circulation. Cuffs can be used to bind the
hands to the sub's waist, ankles, thighs, or to other objects. Usually, when hand or thumbcuffs are not used, the
cuff is a specialized item that binds an extremity to another object, one or two at a time.

NOTE: We do not recommend police-style handcuffs for bondage. They do hurt, and can cause skin and tendon
damage. Use a wrist strap device made for the purpose.

Chains
Since chains can cause injury to the skin, they are normally used to support cuffs, or to hold up a suspension
device. However, some Doms use chain directly on the skin because it will not tighten accidentally. Choose a
smooth, finished chain, and use quick-release clasps.

NOTE: Chains can twist and catch skin, pinching or tearing it. Examine your chains before use, and if there is
damage, do not use the item.

Collars
Collars are devices that go around the neck of the sub. They can be made of leather or nylon. Chains or straps
can be attached to it to secure the hands or legs. These devices can be different from a standard collar which
shows ownership.

NOTE: Beginners should avoid the use of collars, or anything which goes around the neck of a sub in the
beginning. It is very easy to inadvertently choke your sub.

Bars
Bars, also called spreader bars, are used to separate extremities from each other. They are normally around
2-3 feet long, though the size varies. The ends of the bar can be attached to cuffs around the wrists, ankles, or
neck. The bar enables the Dom to control the movement of the sub, and enables the Dom to access certain
body areas easily.

NOTE: Care should be taken to ensure the connectors on the ends of the bars are securely fastened, because
if a connector comes loose, the bar could swing around and strike either the sub or the Dom.

Suspension Devices
Suspension devices are used to raise the sub off the floor. These devices are more advanced, and are best left alone if you are inexperienced.

Specialty Items
These items include padded boards, gymnastic horses, racks, crosses, benches, stocks, and many other
items. These items are expensive and normally take up large amounts of space. Before purchasing these,
make sure you have room for them in your home. They are also advanced bondage items.

For the beginner, I would suggest using what you have in the house. Gym equipment, the dining room table,
chairs, shower curtain rods, placing a hook above the door frame, or a four poster bed work very well for
training purposes. A Dom does not need a fully equipped dungeon to properly train a submissive.

As you acquire more specialized bondage items over time, remember to inspect the item carefully before
placing it on your sub. If the item is frayed or cut, or has broken clasps, throw it away. It is dangerous to use
damaged items. At best, it is an unnecessary interruption of play. At worst, your sub could be injured. These are the Dom's tools. Keep them in working order.

 
Chapter 6 - Training Items
There are many types of training items. Usually, they are used for punishment, but, when used gently, can be
very erotic. These items should serve no other purpose than for the administration of discipline. They are
symbols of power and authority for the Dom. They must be treated with care and respect. Do not wield an item
unless you are prepared to use it. These items are more than just another tool. They should instill awe in the
sub, and effect an immediate change in their attitude. They are tangible evidence of the Dom's role as the
administrator of justice to the sub. Therefore, they should not be overused or misused.

Belts can be used to discipline the sub. Folded in half, they are very effective for spanking. It is easy to get out
of control with a belt, though, inflicting more pain than is necessary. Of course, the intensity of pain is at the
discretion of the couple. Riding crops are also very effective. The head of the crop, run up the inside of the sub's thighs, is very erotic, and a strike from the crop is quite impinging on the sub. Flails are items that have many
long thin straps attached to a handle. They can actually break the skin if wielded too strongly, but with a light or
medium touch, can get your sub's attention quickly. They cover a larger area of skin, giving many defined areas
of pain. Paddles come in all shapes and sizes. They are used for spanking large areas.

These items should be used for higher gradients of discipline, since they do cause higher degrees of pain than
the flat of your palm, and can cause injury if not used with caution. An inexperienced Dom should use the item
on himself before using them on the sub. This way, the Dom will get an accurate estimate on the amount of
force needed with each item to produce the desired effect.

There are also items like gags, ball gags, and face masks. I do not suggest that the beginner utilize those
items. When gagged, the sub will have a difficult time getting a safeword out, and may be injured inadvertently. If you must use a gag, though, the Dom must be very careful, and very in tune with the sub. Other means of
"safewording" should be used, such as a bell held in the sub's hand, or a ball, when dropped, signaling the Dom that the sub is having problems, and a time-out should be started.

 
Chapter 7 - Training Techniques
Respect for the sub is very important in this phase. As a Dom, you are attempting to bring out the best in your
sub, not break her spirit and turn her into a robot.

Even in training, there are certain guidelines that are useful.
Never strike a sub in the face. A light to medium open-hand slap is normally sufficient to handle the job. You can also place your hands on the sub's face to make them look at you. Never break skin on purpose. If you do, handle it immediately after punishment is finished. Soothe the scrapes with lotion, talking softly and gently to your sub. Never leave a bound sub unattended. Accidents can happen, and the sub is in no position to assist themselves.

Never discipline in anger. That has been covered earlier. Never engage in D/s under the influence of drugs or alcohol. This goes for the sub as well as the Dom. Always explain why the discipline is occurring to the sub. Discipline must occur for a specific reason. To arbitrarily discipline a sub breaks down her trust in the Dom.
The punishment should fit the offense. Discipline should always be followed with tenderness and love. The infraction has been dealt with, and is in the past. As a Dom, do not hold a grudge against the sub. Allow the sub to be forgiven.
 

There are a large number of techniques that Doms use. These vary from couple to couple. One technique that
people use is to bind the sub's hands above their head, bind their feet together, and, with the flat of the hand,
spank them from their shoulders to her ankles, front and back. This is a very effective way of getting their
attention.

Reward is also very important. Correct actions must be rewarded by the Dom, otherwise the sub has no
incentive to obey the Dom's instructions. I will give my slave a single flower, a note left on the computer, or a
loving caress. The reward will depend on the sub and the action which pleases the Dom. Once in a while, a
Dom will find a sub to whom a spanking is a reward. This is why the Dom must know the sub, totally. Every sub
is different, just as every Dom is different.

It is very difficult to give step-by-step instructions on how to discipline or reward a particular sub. Some subs are totally submissive, others have a very strong will. In any case, the discipline is for correction, the reward is for
compliance. If more correction is needed, do not hesitate in escalating your actions. Use the amount of
correction necessary to punish the infraction. Do not threaten punishment. Apply it. The sub will respect the
Dom to a greater degree. If the sub complies above and beyond what you expected, reward them accordingly.
Remember, the strength of the Dom lies in his love for the sub.

When using any style of domination, care must be taken not to injure the sub. An actual injury, if caused, should
be tended to immediately. Stop the scene, quickly unhook or detach the sub from any devices, and tend to the
injury. Basic first aid should be known by the Dom, because injuries can happen, and the Dom is responsible
for the sub.

Humiliation
Restriction
Restriction is a style of domination where the sub is restricted in movement. Restriction can be enforced with
restraining devices, such as ropes, or merely words. Restricting the movement of a sub is a widely used
training technique. Restriction can be used along with almost any other style of domination, such as restriction
and spanking, or restriction and humiliation. Simply tying the subs hands behind their back is a light form of
restriction. Telling your sub to kneel, or not to move is a form of restriction. Heavier restriction can include tying
hands and feet to the bed or a hook on the wall, or binding the sub's hands and feet together. Heavier restriction will tend to have extra items used for restriction, such as spreader bars, cuffs, rope, or other specific devices.
Very heavy restriction does not allow very much, if any, movement by the sub. Very heavy restriction can utilize
larger items, like crosses, racks, large quantities of ropes, specialized strap devices, or suspension devices.
The amount of restriction necessary depends on the training or play being initiated by the Dom.

Physical Domination
This style of domination includes a wide range of activities, including spanking, whips, flails, floggers, and
electrical stimulating devices. This style is often included along with restriction. Another style of physical
domination includes moving the sub in space without their consent, by the hair, a leash, or a simple hand on the
back of the neck. Physical domination is a very direct way of communicating to the sub the position and
authority of the Dom. Physical domination does not have to be violent or punishing. In public, a firm hand on the
sub's shoulder can have as much effect as a swat on the behind for correcting a sub's behavior.

Verbal Domination
This style of domination is not as directive as the above methods, but is a style in its own right. Verbal
domination is control using words and speech to effect a change in the sub. An example of this would be sliding up behind your sub in a public place, and whispering into their ear, or calling them "slave" in a public area.
Having your sub call you "Master" or "Mistress" in public would also be considered verbal domination. Some
Doms exert so much control over their subs that a word or a phrase will instantly cause a change in their sub,
sometimes against the will of the sub. These cases are rare, though.

In the case of cyber or long distance D/s, exercised on the phone or by computer, this is the style used by most
Doms, since they are not there to correct or reward the sub physically. It is very difficult to physically dominate a
sub over a long distance connection. The sub must do what the Dom orders, to the best of the sub's ability. If
clamps are to be applied, the sub must be able to physically do the action. Since the physical control of the sub
is difficult to ensure, verbal domination is used extensively.
 
 
Chapter 8 - Additional Information
There is more to D/s than just paddles and flails, ropes and cuffs. There are other "toys" that are used and are
useful, especially if the parties agree that the play can become more intense. The following items and
techniques are not recommended for beginners, but are included so that when and if you decide, you have the
information at hand to ensure that the play continues to be safe and consensual.

NOTE: The following items and techniques are more advanced, and have a greater probability of severe or
permanent damage. If you are unsure about how to proceed, get more information from experienced D/s
couples. The warnings in the following sections are not to frighten you. The warnings are there for your and your
subs safety. Extreme caution should be exercised when using these techniques and items.

Wax
Wax play is utilized by many couples for enhancing their play. Candle wax, dripped onto sensitive body areas,
such as the nipples, chest, or groin can be intensely stimulating for couples who have a greater pain tolerance.
The sensation of the hot wax, running down and hardening into a semi-soft shell can be very erotic. The heat
from the wax also serves to intensify the sensitivity in and around the area if the wax is not too hot.

NOTE: Very hot wax can cause first, second, or even third degree burns. Blisters can form quickly, and skin
damage can easily result. When using candles, hold the candle high above the body part exposed to the melted wax. If the heat sensation is not strong enough, bring the candle closer, but only a little at a time. If you are not
sure about how hot the wax is, test it by letting some fall on a sensitive part of your body, such as your wrist or
inner arm. Take care not to burn yourself.

Clamps
Clamps are devices that apply pressure to a body part. They can be used on nipples, the chest and outer
genitalia. There are many styles of clamps, from plain clothespins to specialized genital clamps. Some clamps
even have a tension adjuster to get the correct amount of pressure. Some Doms will apply the clamps to the
desired area, and then add weight to pull down on the area, or attach the clamp to a pulley system to pull up or
out on the clamped body part. The sensations can range from pleasure to mild discomfort to extreme pain,
depending on the area that is clamped, the amount of pressure on the clamp itself, and if there is any weight
applied to the clamp.

NOTE: Clamps should be used with caution. Clamping any body part reduces the blood flow to that area to a
greater or lesser degree. Lack of blood can kill tissue quickly. Also, clamps should not have sharp edges that
can catch skin or cut the sub. When using clamps and weight, extreme caution should be taken as to avoid
tearing skin or applying so much weight that the clamp is torn from the body part.

Electrical Stimulating Devices
Electrical stimulating devices use electricity directly applied to the skin. On most, the intensity of the applied
electricity can be altered, from a low voltage to a fairly high amount. The sensations that come from these
devices range from pleasant to very painful. The electricity goes into the skin and muscles, stimulating the
muscles and nerves directly. The devices can be inserted into various body orifices, or applied to the outer skin
or genitalia, depending on the shape of the device, and its intended use.

NOTE: Electrical stimulators can be very expensive to purchase. Be sure to fully inspect these particular
devices before use. Frayed wires, loose plates, or even corrosion on the device can render it useless or
dangerous. Electrical play can quickly become hazardous to the sub and the Dom. If the sub is standing, a
shock to the legs or groin can cause the sub to collapse almost instantly. An inadvertent shock to the spine can
be unpredictable, and a shock across the heart can cause the heart to stop or beat erratically. These devices
should be researched thoroughly by the Dom and sub that plan to use them during play. All safety information
that comes with the device should be read and understood totally. Do not use the device in a manner that is not
definitely spelled out in the instructions. Electrical play is best left alone. It is very dangerous edge-type play, and must be thoroughly researched before being embarked on.

Ice
Ice play can be a welcome addition to a relationship. Ice can be used on external body parts, external genitalia,
or even internal genitalia if care is taken. Ice can quickly sensitize affected body parts, or numb them slightly. Ice can even be used to intensify an orgasm in either sex. With males, a thin piece of ice, inserted into the anus
during ejaculation, can give the male a more intensified orgasm than normal. Ice rubbed on nipples will cause
an almost instant stiffening, making clamp application easier in some situations.

NOTE: Caution shall be observed. Ice play can cause frost-nip or in severe cases, frostbite. Frost-nip is a
temporary situation of numbness, pain, and diminished blood flow in the affected area. It will go away with the
application of heat. Frostbite is a serious condition of actual tissue death. The skin turns gray, and there is no
blood flow. The skin will feel very waxy. Frostbite must be attended to very quickly. It is doubtful that true frostbite will be caused with ice play, but the Dom should always be watching the sub and their reactions for any bad
signs. Do not apply hot wax or hot water to a frost-nipped or bitten area. Use the warmth of your hands or
underarms to re-warm the nipped area. Also, ice inserted into the anus or vagina can cause internal cuts, which
can severely injure or kill your sub.

Body Training
Body training uses specialized apparatus to 'train' a body part or area to look a certain way for an extended
period of time. Corsets are used to train the waist and lower abdomen to make it smaller. Nipple training
devices pull the nipple out from the breast to lengthen it. There are other devices specific to other body parts.
The difference with these and other devices is that body training occurs over a long period. With corsets, the
sub wears it for about 22 hours a day for a long time. The result of the training can be extremely visually
pleasing.

NOTE: There are extreme cautions to these procedures. Corsets accomplish the 'wasp waist' look by physically moving internal organs up into the rib cage. Other training devices apply pressure and tension to a specific
body part for extended periods. If used improperly, all body training devices can cause severe pain and
possible injury.

Piercing
Piercing is a way of ornamenting the body in other places than the ear with jewelry. Pierced areas can include
the nose, eyebrow, lip, and nipples. In females, piercing can include the clitoris, clitoral hood, inner and outer
labia. In males, piercing can include the penis shaft, the glans, and the scrotum. Piercings can be temporary,
where a thin sharp needle is passed through the skin, or permanent, where a sharp hollow needle actually
carves out a portion of the skin, making a hole. The jewelry ranges from simple hoops to intricate jewelry.
Chains, rope, and clamps can be attached to the jewelry itself to pull on the skin.

NOTE: Since an object is breaking the surface of the skin, profuse bleeding will normally occur. Also, due to the
skin break and subsequent blood contact, infections can easily take hold. Blood poisoning, gangrene, and
death can happen due to an improperly cared-for piercing. Because of the dangers involved, eroticized
piercing should be avoided. All piercing implements and jewelry should be disinfected thoroughly before use,
and the area being pierced should be cleaned with an anti-bacterial wash.